‘They directly ordered me not to return to the Philippines.’

The Philippines is an archipelagic nation in Southeast Asia with a rich history shaped by centuries of Spanish colonization, followed by American rule. This complex past is reflected in its unique blend of Asian and Western cultural traditions, historic Spanish-era churches, and vibrant festivals. Today, it is known for its stunning natural landscapes, including pristine beaches, rice terraces, and diverse marine life.

Ako Bicol is a regional political party in the Bicol Region of the Philippines, not a physical place or cultural site. It was founded to promote the welfare and development of the Bicolano people and has become a significant political force in the region. The party’s history is rooted in advocating for local autonomy and addressing the specific needs of the Bicol provinces.

“House Speaker” refers to the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives, a political role rather than a physical place. The position was established by the Constitution in 1789, with Frederick Muhlenberg serving as the first Speaker. The Speaker’s primary responsibilities are to lead the House and maintain order during debates.

The Marcos administration refers to the 21-year rule of President Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines, which began in 1965. His regime is historically defined by its declaration of martial law in 1972, a period marked by authoritarian control, widespread corruption, and human rights abuses, which ended with his ouster during the 1986 People Power Revolution.