Indonesian MPR Member Muhammad Hoerudin Amin Highlights the Crucial Role of Constitutional Justice

Pancasila is the foundational philosophical theory of the Indonesian state, embodying the country’s diverse cultural, social, and religious norms into a unified ideology. Formulated by Sukarno, Indonesia’s first President, Pancasila was officially adopted on June 1, 1945, and consists of five principles: belief in one supreme God, a just and civilized humanity, the unity of Indonesia, democracy guided by the inner wisdom of deliberations among representatives, and social justice for all Indonesian people. These principles serve as a guiding light for the nation’s governance and inter-ethnic and religious relations, aiming to maintain harmony and balance in a diverse country.

The “1945 Constitution” refers to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, originally promulgated on August 18, 1945, just days after the country declared its independence from Japanese occupation on August 17, 1945. This constitution was designed to set up a new government and legal framework for Indonesia, moving away from its colonial past. It provided for a presidential system of government with a balance of executive, legislative, and judicial powers, and it has undergone several amendments to address various political and social issues within the country.

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, commonly known as Indonesia, is a Southeast Asian country made up of over 17,000 islands, with Java, Sumatra, Bali, and Kalimantan being among the largest and most populous. Established as an independent nation in 1945 after centuries of Dutch colonial rule, Indonesia is known for its diverse cultures, languages, and ethnic groups, encompassing hundreds of distinct native ethnicities and linguistic groups. The nation’s rich history, vast archipelago, and strategic location have played significant roles in its economic and cultural development, making it a pivotal player in regional and global affairs.

“Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” is the official national motto of Indonesia, which translates to “Unity in Diversity.” Originating from the Old Javanese poem “Sutasoma” written by Mpu Tantular during the Majapahit kingdom in the 14th century, the phrase encapsulates the principle of tolerance among diverse ethnic, religious, and social groups in the Indonesian archipelago. This motto underscores Indonesia’s national philosophy, emphasizing unity and harmony among its varied islands and cultural groups.