On October 6, the Karolinska Institute in Sweden announced that the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine will be awarded to scientists Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi in recognition of their research contributions to peripheral immune tolerance.
The 2025 Nobel Prizes will be announced successively from October 6 to 13.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was established according to the will of the late Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, with the purpose of recognizing those who have made outstanding discoveries in the fields of physiology or medicine.
The award was first presented in 1901 and is selected by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. In October 2015, Chinese pharmacologist Tu Youyou received the prize for her discovery of artemisinin, a drug that effectively reduces mortality in malaria patients.
Karolinska Institute
The Karolinska Institute is a prestigious medical university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded in 1810 by King Karl XIII. It is world-renowned for its medical research and for annually selecting the laureates for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is an annual international award administered by the Nobel Foundation. Established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, it has been awarded since 1901 for groundbreaking discoveries that have expanded our understanding of life science and revolutionized medical treatment. Its laureates include seminal figures such as Alexander Fleming, Francis Crick, and Tu Youyou.
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor, most famous for inventing dynamite and for establishing the Nobel Prize. The cultural sites most associated with him are the Nobel Prize award ceremony locations in Stockholm and Oslo, which honor his legacy. The prizes were created from his will in 1895, which dedicated his fortune to award those who confer the “greatest benefit on humankind.”
Tu Youyou
Tu Youyou is not a place or cultural site, but a renowned Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and Nobel laureate. She is best known for discovering artemisinin, a groundbreaking malaria treatment derived from traditional Chinese medicine, which has saved millions of lives globally. Her work, rooted in ancient texts and modern research, earned her the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
