It is undeniable that these days there has been a shift in the pattern of religious learning, from conventional to digital or a migration to online platforms, where the younger generation now learns religion via the internet and social media.
A 2017 survey by the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) at UIN Jakarta recorded that 50.9 percent of students sought religious knowledge from the internet/social media (higher than those relying on books, at 48.6 percent).
This tendency is increasing as internet penetration in Indonesia grows, where at the beginning of 2024 alone it already reached 79.5 percent of the population. The role of “Ustaz Google” and Artificial Intelligence (AI) began to function like traditional religious teachers to answer religious questions.
The “Ustaz Google” phenomenon encourages young people to refer to instant answers in the digital realm. This shifts the traditional learning pattern (face-to-face religious studies, religious gatherings) towards personal
