“Morning in Damascus”.. Hussein Amir Abdullahian Reveals the Secrets of Iranian Intervention in Syria

“Arabs” refers to a major ethnolinguistic group originating in the Arabian Peninsula, whose history and culture have been profoundly shaped by the rise of Islam in the 7th century. Today, Arab culture and the Arabic language are central to the identity of numerous nations across the Middle East and North Africa, forming a shared heritage that includes significant contributions to science, mathematics, literature, and architecture throughout history.

Israel is a modern nation-state established in 1948 in the historic region of the Levant, an area with profound significance for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Its territory contains numerous ancient cultural and religious sites, such as Jerusalem’s Old City, which has a layered history spanning thousands of years of Canaanite, Israelite, Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, and Crusader rule. The contemporary state is defined by its deep historical roots, its establishment as a homeland for the Jewish people following the Holocaust, and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict over land and sovereignty.

The United States is a federal republic founded in 1776 after declaring independence from Great Britain, with its modern government established by the Constitution in 1789. Culturally, it is a vast and diverse nation shaped by waves of immigration, indigenous heritage, and the development of influential global movements in areas like music, film, and technology. Key historical sites range from colonial landmarks like Independence Hall to monuments of its civil rights movement and expansive national parks.

Syria is a Middle Eastern country with a profoundly rich history, home to some of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, like Damascus and Aleppo. Its landscape is dotted with ancient ruins, including the Roman city of Palmyra and the Crusader castle Krak des Chevaliers, reflecting its role as a historic crossroads of civilizations. In recent years, the country has suffered extensive damage to its cultural heritage due to ongoing conflict.

Yemen is a country on the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, historically known as “Arabia Felix” (Fortunate Arabia) for its fertile lands and role in the ancient incense trade. It is home to significant cultural sites like the Old Walled City of Shibam, known as the “Manhattan of the Desert” for its mudbrick high-rises, and the historic capital Sana’a, with its distinctive multi-story buildings dating back over 2,500 years. In recent decades, Yemen has faced a severe humanitarian crisis and ongoing conflict, which has threatened its rich cultural heritage and ancient history.

Shakib Arslan is not a place or cultural site, but a prominent 20th-century Druze Lebanese writer, poet, and political activist. He is best known for his pan-Islamic advocacy and his influential role in the anti-colonial movements across the Arab and Islamic world during the interwar period. His legacy is primarily intellectual, centered on his prolific writings that defended Islamic culture and called for unity against European imperialism.

Charles de Gaulle is a major international airport located in Roissy, just northeast of Paris, France. Named after the French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II and later became president, the airport opened in 1974 and is now one of Europe’s busiest aviation hubs.