On October 6, the Karolinska Institute in Sweden announced that the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to scientists Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi.

Karolinska Institute
The Karolinska Institute is a prestigious medical university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded in 1810 by King Karl XIII. It is world-renowned for its medical research and for annually selecting the laureates for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.