Diet oversight is essential for strengthening Japan's intelligence capabilities.

Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, center, bows as a bill to establish a national intelligence committee passes the House of Representatives during a plenary session on April 23, 2026.

A national government collects and analyzes information to protect the safety of its people. There must not be any violation of their human rights.

The first in a series of bills aimed at strengthening the Japanese government’s intelligence capabilities has passed the House of Representatives with a majority vote from the ruling parties and major opposition parties. The bill is expected to clear the House of Councillors and become law. Moving forward, the ruling parties aim to introduce anti-espionage legislation and establish a foreign intelligence agency to conduct intelligence activities overseas.

The latest bill is designed to create a “national intelligence committee” chaired by the prime minister and upgrade the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office to a “national intelligence bureau” as its secretariat. At the request of the committee chairperson, the National Police Agency, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, the Public Security Intelligence Agency and other bodies will be required to provide information to the committee.

It has long been pointed out that agencies handling classified information regarding terrorism and espionage activities by foreign countries are beset by sectionalism, where each agency hoards information and does not share it with other agencies. The bill’s aim is to enable comprehensive coordination across the entire government and utilize this information in policy decisions.

Strengthening intelligence agencies has been a pet idea of Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. During a Diet session, she argued that the measure is necessary to address complex and elusive threats, citing cyberattacks, the spread of disinformation and the leak of research findings concerning economic security.

However, concerns also abound. There is a risk that intelligence agencies might collect excessive amounts of information at the request of the prime minister or provide only information that is convenient to the administration.

It has been pointed out that this could lead to greater surveillance of the public. In the past, it came to light that the Self-Defense Forces and police had been collecting personal information on residents who opposed the dispatch of the Ground Self-Defense Force to Iraq and the bid to construct a wind farm in Gifu Prefecture. The courts have ruled that these actions violated people’s privacy.

There has also been speculation that the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office has been conducting surveys on voter trends during national elections and that the administration uses the information in its campaign strategies.

Takaichi has clearly stated that such activities will not be carried out, but in the first place, it has remained unclear what sort of information the government is collecting on a regular basis.

The latest bill does not include any mechanism to oversee the activities of intelligence agencies. In other countries, there are systems for their parliaments and third-party bodies to monitor such activities. It is also essential to establish a system for information disclosure that allows for retrospective verification.

The opposition parties shifted their stance to support the bill on condition that a supplementary resolution be adopted requiring due consideration to ensure that citizens’ rights are not infringed upon and political neutrality is not undermined. The Diet has a duty to ensure that this is carried out without fail.

Self-Defense Forces

The Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) are the unified military forces of Japan, established in 1954 following the end of the Allied occupation after World War II. Created under a pacifist constitution that renounces war, the JSDF initially served as a defensive force but has since expanded to include disaster relief and international peacekeeping missions. Its history is closely tied to Japan’s post-war security alliance with the United States and ongoing debates about the role of military power in a traditionally peace-oriented nation.

Iraq

Iraq, historically known as Mesopotamia, is often called the “Cradle of Civilization” because it was home to some of the world’s earliest cities, writing systems, and empires, such as the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. The country contains iconic cultural sites like the ancient city of Babylon and the Ziggurat of Ur, reflecting thousands of years of rich history. In modern times, Iraq has faced significant challenges, including wars and political instability, but it

Self-Defense Forces

The Self-Defense Forces (SDF) are Japan’s unified military forces, established in 1954 after World War II to replace the disbanded Imperial Japanese Army. Created under a pacifist constitution that renounces war, their role has evolved from strictly defensive operations to include international peacekeeping and disaster relief. Despite constitutional debates, the SDF remains a key component of Japan’s national security, operating under civilian control.

Iraq

Iraq, historically known as Mesopotamia, is widely regarded as the cradle of civilization, where the world’s first cities, writing systems, and legal codes emerged around 3500 BCE. It was home to ancient empires such as the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, and later became a center of Islamic learning during the Abbasid Caliphate. In modern times, Iraq has faced significant conflict, but it remains a country with profound cultural heritage, including sites like Babylon, Ur, and the city of Baghdad.

Gifu Prefecture

Gifu Prefecture, located in the Chubu region of central Japan, is known for its rich history and scenic landscapes, particularly the historic town of Takayama and the UNESCO World Heritage site of Shirakawa-go. The area was a key strategic region during the Sengoku period, with Gifu Castle serving as the base for the warlord Oda Nobunaga in the 16th century. Today, it is celebrated for its traditional crafts, such as Mino washi paper, and its cultural festivals, including the Takayama Festival.